Joseph Fraga Electronic Cigarettes Sex specific alterations in pulmonary metabolic, xenobiotic and lipid signalling pathways after e cigarette aerosol exposure during adolescence in mice BMJ Open Respiratory Research Chronic electronic cigarette exposure in mice induces features of COPD in a nicotine dependent manner Thorax As e cigarette use grows, more research needed on long term effects of vaping American Heart Association E Cigarette Exposure Alters Neuroinflammation Gene and Protein Expression in a Murine Model: Insights from Perinatally Exposed Offspring and Post Birth Mothers E cigarette Characteristics, Safety Issues, & Regulation Britannica